Headings and subtitles give information about what a paragraph will be about.
Key words are important vocabulary terms. The author may make these key words bold, in italics, underlined, or highlighted.
Sidebars, like the one called "The Underground Railroad" in the article above, give more information. Don't ignore them!
Illustrations are pictures that help explain what is going on in the article.
Diagrams show the parts of objects that are described in the article.
Captions give more information about diagrams or illustrations.